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How to choose grade and slump when using fresh concrete
This advice applies to family houses, villas, office houses under 10 floors.When you build a house (office), the choice of concrete grade is made by the design consultancy unit, the structural design engineer, not the architect. Because when calculating structures, engineers must select concrete grades and take the load values of the marks into the calculation to give the size of the components (width of beams, floor thickness ...), amount of steel and the layout of each structure.
Normally with small civil works, a project should only use one type of concrete grade. If different grades of concrete are used for different structures, the behavior of the structure between the intersection points of the concrete types will not be accurate and may cause local problems at the site. there.
Commercial concrete can be produced with grades 200, # 250, # 300, # 350, # 400, # 600, # 800 ...
For small civil works, the commonly used concrete grade is grade 250 or # 300.
Depending on the project, you can choose concrete grades according to the following guidelines to bring about economic benefits when building:
• For buildings <= 3 floors: Use concrete # 200, with spans between large beams, use grade 250.
• For building 4 <= number of floors <= 6 floors: Use grade 250, with span between large beams, use grade 300.
• For buildings 6 <= number of floors <= 10: Use grade 300, with large span structures, consult with structural engineers to make a reasonable design plan.
For each item and the way of pouring concrete (pouring hand, static pump or pump), the location of construction items, weather ... the slump varies. The change of slump is to ensure construction can be implemented.
• With residential houses you can use the slump option of 10 ± 2 (maximum of 12 ± 2 when climbing) when using a pump to pour concrete.
• For concrete directly poured without a pump, the slump should be less: should be 6 ± 2.
For other projects refer to the use of concrete grades when designing as follows:
• High-rise foundations, warehouses, factories: 300 - 400;
• Large span industrial houses, silos, tanks: 300 - 400;
• Precast concrete piles, bored piles: 300 or more;
• Abutments, piers, bridge beams, prestressed beams: 350 or more.
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Concrete maintenance technique properly
In the process of building a building, there are many things to be concerned about. Building quality is still the top concern of homeowners, in which concrete quality is a key factor for a "healthy" home. Sometimes the quality of materials (cement, sand, gravel, stone) meets the standards, but still does not give the desired quality of concrete. That may be due to improper preparation procedures such as concrete formwork grafting. An equally important cause is not paying enough attention to maintenance.
